APA 7th Edition

When it comes to citing a variety of sources, guidelines have been added to the APA publication manual 7th edition.

If you go through the publication, 114 examples have been provided, ranging from books and periodicals to audiovisuals and social media. You will get to see an easy template which will help you understand and apply the citation guidelines. Some of the notable APA manual 7th edition changes are:

For APA 6, Liebowitz, S. J., & Palmer, J. P. (1984). Assessing the relative impacts of economics journals. Journal of Economic Literature, New York, 22(1), 77-88.

For APA 7, Liebowitz, S. J., & Palmer, J. P. (1984). Assessing the relative impacts of economics journals. Journal of Economic Literature, 22(1), 77-88.

2. For works, the in-text citationwith three or more authors is now shortened right from the first citation. You only include the first author's name and "et al.".

APA 6 and Before: (Adam, Alisha, & Johannes, 2018)

APA 7: (Adam et al., 2018)

3. You have to provide surnames and initials for up to 20 authors (instead of 7) in the reference entry.

APA 6 and Before: Lewitt, G.L, Evans, R.S, Christopher, L.K, Gonzalez, J.K, Miller, G.C., Turner, S.L.,… Warn, H.L. (2019)

APA 7: Lewitt, G.L, Evans, R.S, Christopher, L.K, Gonzalez , J.K, Miller, G.C., Turner, S.L., Robson, C.R., Rickards, V.T., Lee, L.H., Cervin, G.H., Worall, A.K., Verheul, Y.T., Banting, C.D., Elyzen, T.Y., Behring, J.F., Schultz, O.P., Stanzler, W.Q., Belsey, L.S., Bee, G.N.,…Warn, H.L. (2019)

4. You have to format the DOIslike the website or blog post URLs. The label "DOI:" is no longer necessary.

APA 6 and Before: doi: 10.1080/02626667.2019.1560449

APA 7: https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2019.1560449

As you can see, the APA latest edition is not very hard to follow.

5. You no longer have to include "Retrieved from," before you use the URL, unless a retrieval date is needed. You have to incorporate the website name (unless it's the same as the author). The web page titles should be italicized.

Prior to APA 7: Chiappe, A. (2020, January 14). Axis Mundi: Archaic and Contemporary Maya Conceptions. Retrieved from https://www.aahi.com/news/history-afwuiwqe 

APA 7: Chiappe, A. (2020, January 14). Axis Mundi: Archaic and Contemporary Maya Conceptions.

Thus, the APA manual 7th edition has made it simpler for scholars to cite sources in the paper.

6. In the case of e-books, the format, platform, or device (e.g. Amazon Kindle) is no longer included in the reference. On the contrary, the publisher is included.

Prior to APA 7: Chuck, T. (2019) The biology and control of sea lice on salmonids [Kindle version]. https:/doi.org/10.1008/980-90-482-2573-8

APA 7: Chuck, T. (2019) The biology and control of sea lice on salmonids https:/doi.org/10.1008/980-90-482-2573-8

As you can see, you no longer have to include [Kindle].

7. In the publication, clear instructions are provided for including contributors other than authors and editors.

For example, when you cite a podcast episode in your academic paper, you must include the host of the episode in the citation.

Similarly, for a TV series episode, the director and writer of that episode have to be cited.

8. As far as social media posts, and YouTube videosare concerned, there has been a change in the use of emojis and hashtags.

Use of Bias-free Language

Writing without bias and inclusively is the new standard, as per the current edition of APA, i.e., APA 7.

The guidelines specified in the manual helps the authors reduce bias around topics such as age, sex, gender, disability, racial and ethnic identity, as well as being sensitive to labels and describing individuals at the appropriate level of specificity. Some examples include:

9. The singular "they" or "their" is now treated as a gender-neutral pronoun.

For example: Did you know that the career of a researcher depends on how often he or she is cited? (prior to the changes made by The American Psychological Association).

Now: Did you know that the career of a researcher depends on how often they are cited?

10. You have to use descriptive phrases instead of using adjectives as nouns to label groups of people.

For instance,

Before:  The poor can no longer afford to purchase the product.

Now: The people living in poverty can no longer afford to purchase the product.

11. You should use exact age ranges that are more relevant and specific, instead of using broad categories.

For instance,

Prior to APA 7: The government facility is available to people over 68 years old.

APA 7: The government facility is available to people in the age range of 68 to 80 years old.

If you go through the manual of APA citation, you will get to know further examples relevant to the changes introduced.  

Paper Formatting of APA 7

The answer to the question, "What is the latest APA edition and the associated changes?" is yet incomplete. In the APA 7th edition, guidelines have been laid down for changes in the paper formatting for professionals and university students.  If you were to write an academic paper, you have to abide by the following changes:

12. Flexibility in the usage of fonts

There is an increase in flexibility related to the use of fonts. The options include Calibri 11, Arial 11, Lucida Sans Unicode 10, Times New Roman 12, and Georgia 11.

13. Running head on Title page no longer requires "Running head:"

In the title page, you no longer have to include the words "Running head:". You now have to insert only a page number and the (shortened) paper title.

For example,

Before: Running head: CONSUMERISM vs CAPITALISM

Now: CONSUMERISM vs CAPITALISM

14. In order to improve readability, the heading levels 3-5 have been updated.

In the next section, we will take a look at the changes in styling as per the APA's most recent edition.

Change in Styling

No significant change is noticeable in the 7th edition of APA, in terms of style. However, there are two notable changes that you must consider:

15. You have to use only one space after a period at the end of a sentence.
16. You can use double quotation marks instead of italics to refer to linguistic examples.

For example,

Before APA 7, APA did not use to endorse the use of the singular pronoun they. 

Now, APA endorses the use of the singular pronoun "they".

These are some of the major changes that you will find in APA 7. With a little practice, you will get used to it. 

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